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computer surplusGreen computingGreen computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. Typically, technological systems or computing products that incorporate green computing principles take into account the so-called triple bottom line of economic viability, social responsibility, and environmental impact. This differs somewhat from traditional or standard business practices that focus mainly on the economic viability of a computing solution. These focuses are similar to those of green chemistry; reduction of the use of hazardous materials such as lead at the manufacturing stage, maximized energy efficiency during the product's term of use, and recyclability or biodegradability of both a defunct product and of any factory waste. A typical green computing solution attempts to address some or all of these factors by implementing environmentally friendly products in an efficient system. For example, an IT manager might purchase Electronic Products Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)-approved hardware combined with a thin client solution. As compared to a traditional desktop PC configuration, such a configuration would probably reduce IT maintenance-related activities, extend the useful life of the hardware, and allow for responsible recycling of the equipment past its useful life. Green computing An open industry standard called Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) provides a standard programming interface that allows an operating system to directly control the power saving aspects of the hardware. This allows the system to automatically turn off components such as monitors and hard drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition, a system may hibernate, in which it turns off nearly all components, including the CPU and the system RAM, greatly reducing the system's electricity usage. To resume from this state, some components, such as the keyboard, network interface card, and USB ports may remain powered, to receive input from the user. ACPI itself is a successor to an earlier Intel-Microsoft standard called Advanced Power Management, which allows a computer's BIOS to control power management functions. In the absence of ACPI or APM support, some external components, such as computer displays, printers, scanners, speakers, and hard drives may be turned off manually when not in use. In this state, though the external periphals may be off, the main system continues to consume electricity. To minimize the impact, the system could run file sharing software or volunteer computing software, donating its resources to a long-term project. Some software programs allow the user to manually adjust the voltages supplied to the CPU, essentially reducing the amount of electricity used by the CPU while it's on and powered. Since many CPUs have "safety-nets" on either side of the spectrum (+/- the voltage parameters of a given CPU), one is able to reduce the amount of volts the processor uses, hence reducing both the amount of heat produced and the amount of electricity consumed. Some CPUs from Intel Corporation and AMD, particularly those intended for use in laptops, have technology to automatically adjust the processor voltages depending on the workload. This technology is called "SpeedStep" with intel processors, "PowerNow!"/"Cool'n'Quiet" with AMD chips, LongHaul with VIA CPUs, and LongRun with Transmeta processors. In 2007, Intel Corporation released a utility called PowerTOP, which measures and reports on a PC's power consumption. This utility is available only for PCs running a Linux operating system. Newer hardware A low power Alix.1C Mini-ITX embedded board with AMD Geode LX 800 together with Compact Flash, miniPCI and PCI slots, 44-pin IDE interface and 256MB RAMAs of 2007, at least four personal computer vendors (Everex, Linutop, Systemax, and Zonbu) ship dedicated low-power thin client PCs. These systems are designed primarily for the purpose of reducing power consumption, by providing minimal hardware peripherals and low-voltage components. These design decisions limit the computational performance of such machines, which makes them impractical for applications that require a lot of processing power, such as computer gaming and video production. Dedicated low-power PCs generally are physically much smaller than traditional desktop PCs, and as such can be mounted under desks or on walls, creating more usable desk space. The Geode processor from AMD (originally from National Semiconductor), is one example of a CPU that strives for minimal power consumption while maintaining full compatibility with the x86 instruction set. Wiki Green computing |
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